大家在托福写作的过程中经常会犯一些常见的错误,这些错误有些是由于考生本身的基础不扎实,有些却是由于中外的文化和思维方式的不同造成的。现在天道小编就为大家总结了一些托福写作的常见错误,供大家参考。
1. 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)
Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题,在大家学习英语的时间里,英语教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限,影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲,斟酌的习惯。所以直接的后果就是考生们往往随心所欲,想到什么就用什么,结果托福写作的作文中用词不当的错误就比比皆是。
例. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution。(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)
剖析:显然,考生把obstacles障碍,障碍物误作substance物质了。另外the increasing use (不断增加的使用) 应改为abusive use (滥用)。
改为:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution。
2. 句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)
在口语中,交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了,尤其是在像托福考试这样的写作中,句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清。这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后,考生又想加些补充说明时发生。
例. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。
剖析:本句后半部分for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句。
改为:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper。
3. 悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers)
所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中at the age of ten只点出十岁时,但没有说明谁十岁时。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费解了。在托福写作中出现这种错误的考生,基本上都需要在基础上下很大的功夫。
改为:When I was ten, my grandfather died。
例. To do well in college, good grades are essential。
剖析:句中不定式短语 to do well in college 的逻辑主语不清楚。
改为:To do well in college, a student needs good grades。
4. 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)
什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。
例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world。
剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:There are many ways。 以及We get to know the outside world。。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。
改为:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或,There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world。
5. 累赘(Redundancy)
言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词;写段落没有一个无必要的句子。托福的评分标准中也是明确的表明了要使文章尽量简洁,能用单词的不用词组;能用词组的不用从句或句子。如:In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him。
本句的the fact that he is lazy系同谓语从句,我们按照上述能用词组的不用从句可以改为:In spite of his laziness, I like him。
例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need。
剖析:整个句子可以大大简化。
改为:Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need。
6. 综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage)
所谓综合性语言错误,是指除了上述十种错误以外,还有诸如时态,语态,标点符号,大小写等方面的错误。
例1.Today, Money to everybody is very importance, ours eat, cloth, live, go etc。
改为:Today,to everybody,money is very important for it can affect every part of our life,like food,cloth,transport etc。