形容词副词查漏补缺
一、形容词副词的比较级和最高级
1.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级，在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；
如：bigbiggerbiggest hothotterhottest fatfatterfattest
sadsaddersaddest madmadder maddest wetwetterwettest
2. 以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，加er，如：
easy-easier、happy-happier、funny-funnier、early-earlier、busy-busier、
dirty-dirtier（更脏）、heavy-heavier（更重）、healthy-healthier；friendly-friendlier
angry ugly,
但是：shy-shyer.
以元音字母+y结尾时，y不变，直接加er或est。如grey----greyer
3.、不规则变化
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
many/much more most
old older/elder oldest/eldest
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
2、单音节不规则变化
tired more tired most tired
fond more fond most fond
glad more glad most glad
bored more bored most bored
pleased more pleased most pleased
3、两种变化（少数几个双音节词以及以er或le结尾的词，可以有两种比较级和最高级）
simple----simpler common
cruel crueler cruelest/more cruel most cruel
strict stricter strictest/more strict most strict
often oftener oftenest/more often most often
friendly friendlier friendliest/more friendly most friendly
clever cleverer cleverest/more clever most clever
4、没有比较级
empty wrong perfect unique extreme excellent favourite favorite true right correct extremely possible first final last empty wooden
5、在原级形容词之前加less, least构成的比较级与最高级成为较低级与最低级形式。
如：kind---less kind---least kind useful---less useful----least useful
二、形容词+ly购成副词的规则
1. 辅音字母+y easy happy, heavy, busy 但是shyly, dryly
2. le结尾去e加y。simple, gentle，但是whole wholly
3. 元音字母+e结尾，true-truly，但duely
4. i，c结尾的加ally, 如basic scientific automatic energetic
5. 以le结尾的形容词
大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。
改错：
(错） She sang lovely.
（错） He spoke to me very friendly.
（对） Her singing was lovely.
（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
friendly友好的---a friendly smile友好的微笑
fatherly像父亲的---a fatherly teacher一位父亲式的教师
lovely可爱的---a lovely girl一位可爱的姑娘
lively活泼的---a lively child一位活泼的小孩
lonely孤独的---a lonely traveller一位孤独的旅客
deadly致命的---a deadly blow致命的一击
silly傻的，无聊的---a silly question愚蠢的问题
orderly秩序的---an orderly mind有条不紊的头脑
manly男子气概的---a manly person具有男子气概的人
daily每日的---daily work日常工作
weekly每星期的---a weekly magazine周刊
yearly每年的---a yearly income年收入daily, monthly, early
smell-smelly adj.发臭的, 有臭味的
sound-soundly 完好地; 健全地; 稳健地; 坚固地; 彻底地; 正确地; 确实地,厉害地,酣畅地berate sb. soundly痛骂某人一顿
英语中部分特殊形式的比较意义和最高级的表达
1.A is senior/junior to B; A比B年龄或级别大（高）/A比B年龄或级别小（低）
如：He is 3 years senior to me. 他比我大三岁。
A is superior / inferior to B A优于/劣于B
如： Beijing is superior to any other city in hosting the Olympic Games.在举办奥运会上，北京比其他任何城市都做得好。
2.A is to B what C is to D. 意为A对于B就如C对于D。
如：Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals.
发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。
3.cant be too＋adj. ＝ cant be＋adj.＋enough
无论都不为过，越越。 如：
You can never be careful enough.＝ You can never be too careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过。
4. tooto句型的两个意义
(1)表示否定意义，意为太而不能。
如：This question is too hard for me to understand.
这个问题太难，我理解不了。
(2)表示肯定意义，意为非常，很，极。当too后面接easy，ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容词时，too表示很，非常之意，与very表达很的意思相同。当too前有all, but, only等词时，形成only/but/all tooto do结构，仍旧表达非常，很，极之意。
如：Im too glad to hear the news.听到这条消息我非常高兴。
5.与than有关的短语
(1)morethan是而不是；与其说不如说。
no morethan不是也不是/与同样不
not more...than 不如
如：That little girl is more tired than hungry.
那个小女孩是累了而不是饿了。(与其说那个小女孩饿了，还不如说她累了。)
He is no more deligent than Tom.他和Tom都不勤奋。
He is no more a teacher than a worker.他既不是老师也不是工人。
He is not more deligent than Tom.他不如Tom勤奋。
He is not more a teacher teacher than a worker.与其说他是教师，不如说是工人。
(2)more than 超过，不仅仅是
no more than＝only 只不过(言其少)
not more than＝at most 不多于，至多(指事实)
She is more than a friend to me, she is my family.
The room is no more than a barn.
(3) less than (数量)不到，不足；一点也不
no less than （数量）不少于,至少
=not less than=at least
(4)less than 不如；比少；不是而是
No less...than=not less than (至少)不比差，和一样
He is less a teacher than an expert.
He is more an expert than a teacher.与其说他确实老师，不如说是专家。
He is no less active than he used to be.
他和以前一样积极。
例1.Im afraid youve got the wrong person. I am no more a scientist than a mathematician.
[解析] 此处是no morethan结构，表示不是也不是或与同样不之意，故or改为than。句意：恐怕你们搞错了，我既不是什么科学家，也不是什么数学家。
6.The weather is turning ever colder and colder, and people have to make a fire in their homes in advance.
[解析] 此处是 (ever)＋比较级＋and＋比较级结构，表示日益之意，故cold and cold改为colder and colder。句意：天气变得越来越冷，人们纷纷提前在家里生起了火。
7．比较级和否定词连用表示最高级意义
【误】 Mr Stevenson is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a good boss.
【正】 Mr Stevenson is great to work forI really couldnt ask for a better boss.
[解析] 此处是用比较级的形式表达最高级的含义，所以把good改为better。句意：为斯蒂文森先生工作太棒了，我真的找不到比他更好的老板了。