2002年5月托福L听力试题
41. When he was a child.
When he finished his studies.
When he began his concert touring.
When he was invited to a musical competition.
42. Discuss his experiences on the concert tour.
Explain why he agreed to give the lecture.
Comment on his musical training at the Juilliard School.
Talk about how he learned to compose music.
43. The effect of advertising on world markets.
Modem advertising techniques.
Forms of communication in the American colonies.
The early history of advertising.
44. An educated population.
A large supply of goods and services.
A large number of publications.
An industrialized society.
45. Samples of products.
Signs on shops.
Pictures of products painted on walls.
Free paper pamphlets.
46. How the President proposes new laws.
How a bill is passed by lawmakers in Congress.
How the President can reject a proposed law.
How lawmakers can force the President to sign a bill.
47. Why the President opposes a bill.
How lawmakers want to revise a bill.
Why a deadline has not been met.
When lawmakers plan to end their session.
48. They send the message to the President within ten days.
They officially state reasons for rejecting the message.
They meet with the President.
They revise the vetoed bill.
49. The bill becomes law immediately.
The bill cant become law unless the whole process begins again.
Lawmakers must review the bill within ten days.
The President must sign the bill if its passed again.
50. Just after a new President is elected.
Just before Congress takes any short break.
When Congress has just ended an entire session.
Anytime during a session of Congress.
Section Two： Structure and Written Expression
1.__of pottery is dependent on the durability of clay after firing.
To make
The making
When to make
It is making
2.Pig iron， wrought iron， and steel contain iron carbides made up of __ of carbon.
amounts are different
different amounts that
different amounts
which amounts are different
3.The Arctic fox is found throughout the Arctic ， usually on tundra or mountains __ the sea.
by which near
near of
because near
near
4.The midge __ to any of several species of small flies， refers to a mosquito－like insect with slender wings and body， long legs， and antennae.
which a term applied
a term applied
is a term applied
applied a term
5. The face is the most __ of a human being.
part is distinctly
distinction in part
distinctive part
part of distinction
6.The chemical facts __ as a by－product of their search for gold became the basis for modem chemistry.
that had been accumulated by alchemists
were accumulated by alchemists
alchemists accumulating them
had been accumulated by alchemists
7.The fluoroscope makes __ for medical doctors to view a silhouette of the bones and internal organs of a patients body.
being possible
possibly
it is possible
it possible
8.The second－oldest continuously occupied governors mansion in the United States __ Jackson， Mississippi.
the location in
is the location
is located in
located in
9.A television camera produces an image by convening __ receives into a series of bright and dark dots.
and it
it
what it
that it
10.In so－called nonfiction novels， a documentary style is combined with fictional techniques __actual events and people.
that they describe
to describe
and in describing
are describing
11.Managers often receive considerable training in the technical aspects of their jobs __ very little in the people management aspects.
so
just as
yet
and that
12.Areas of fertile soil called deltas， usually __ are formed by mud deposited at the mouth of a river.
triangular in shape
their shape is triangular
they have a triangular shape
triangular shape
13.Though a respected educator， Alexander Graham Bell __ the inventor of the telephone.
as is best known
best known as is
is best known as
best is known as
14. Not until the First World War __ to improve the road system in the United States.
a determined effort was made
made a determined effort
when a determined effort was made
was a determined effort made
15. Often invisible， always in motion， gas is __ of matter.
the state is most energetic
stating the most energetic
the most energetic state
the state that most energetic
16. Some fish have whiskers， which are sensory organs used for touching and tasting，
A B
and which are helpful when are they searching for food in sand and mud.
C D
17.Cement is produced commercially by to heat a mixture of limestone and clay
A B
in a large，slowly rotating cylindrical furnace.
C D
18.In addition to appropriating the subject matter of mass culture， the pop art movement
A B
of the 1950s utilized various technique of mass production.
C D
19. Practical problems limit the ability of astronomers to determine the mass
A B
of asteroids，who are small planetary bodied orbiting the Sun.
C D
20.An accomplished saxophonist and composer， John Coltrane begun his career playing
A B C
in the big bands of the early 1950s.
D
21.Bacteria and similar one－celled organisms reproduce by cell division， each of the daughter
A
cell then beginning a new life as a distinct organism.
B C D
22.Many species of birds that breed in temperate latitudes often show particular patterns
A B C
of migration while the year.
D
23.Quebec， the most oldest city in Canada， lies on the north bank of the St. Lawrence
A B C D
River.
24.Because of the need to maintain the correct balance of salts and minerals in the water，
A B
keeping saltwater fish in aquariums requires more work that keeping freshwater fish.
C D
25. Addressing themes that were unique American， the poet Walt Whitman celebrated
A B C
the lives of ordinary people.
D
26.Many museums have been founded by private benefactors， and a few have received
A B
endowments that help to support theirs routine operations.
C D
27.The Bessemer process for converting iron to steel was invention of enormous importance
A B
because it led to many significant changes in industrial processes.
C D
28. Painters have been portraying the sea for centuries， and in the United States a
A B
rich tradition of marine painting been developed during the nineteenth century.
C D
29.The city of Memphis， Tennessee， was a important Confederate military center during
A B
the American Civil War and served as the temporary state capital in 1862.
C D
30. Although all sedimentary rocks contain iron， but the deposits that are richest in iron
A B
consist predominantly of minerals such as iron oxides， carbonates， silicates， and sulfides.
C D
31.In the United States， the attorney general is a cabinet member in charge with the
A B C
administration of the Department of Justice.
D
32.The Atlantic cable， which began to operating in 1866，linked the United States to London
A
and to another cable stretching eastward to India and beyond.
B C D
33. Many folk songs were originated to accompany manual work or to mark a
A B C
specific ceremonies.
D
34.The shell of the abalone， a marine snail， is especially suited by its hardness and
A B
various of colors for the manufacture of jewelry.
C D
35.Geraldine Farrar， who debuted as an opera singer in 1901，later appeared both on
A B C
stage and in several silent film.
D
36.The migration of African Americans from the rural South to the industrial North in
A
the early 1900s were the biggest internal migration in American history.
B C D
37.Searching for alternate forms of energy does not necessary mean the abandonment
A B C
of fossil fuels as an energy source.
D
38. The flamingo constructs a cylindrical mud nest for its egg， which both parents
A B C
care for it.
D
39. Due to persistent inbreeding， self－pollinating plants have genetically more uniform
A B
than cross－pollinated plants， which harbor more genetic variability.
C D
40. Metaphysical philosophy is concerned with the principles， structures， and
A B
meaningful that underlie all observable reality.
C D
Section Three： Reading Comprehension
Questions 1－9
The term folk song has been current for over a hundred years， but there is still a
good deal of disagreement as to what it actually means. The definition provided by the
International Folk Music Council states that folk music is the music of ordinary people，
Line which is passed on from person to person by being listened to rather than learned from
the printed page. Other factors that help shape a folk song include： continuity ; variation ; and selection .
When songs have been subjected to these processes their origin is usually impossible
to trace. For instance， if a farm laborer were to make up a song and sing it to a－couple of
friends who like it and memorize it， possibly when the friends come to sing it themselves
one of them might forget some of the words and make up new ones to fill the gap， while
the other， perhaps more artistic， might add a few decorative touches to the tune and
improve a couple of lines of text. If this happened a few times there would be many
different versions， the songs original composer would be forgotten， and the song would
become common property. This constant reshaping and re－creation is the essence of folk
music. Consequently， modem popular songs and other published music， even though
widely sung by people who are not professional musicians， are not considered folk music.
The music and words have been set by a printed or recorded source， limiting scope for
further artistic creation. These songs origins cannot be disguised and therefore they
belong primarily to the composer and not to a community.
The ideal situation for the creation of folk music is an isolated rural community. In
such a setting folk songs and dances have a special purpose at every stage in a persons
life， from childhood to death. Epic tales of heroic deeds， seasonal songs relating to
calendar events， and occupational songs are also likely to be sung.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss？
Themes commonly found in folk music
Elements that define folk music
Influences of folk music on popular music
The standards of the International Folk Music Council
2. Which of the following statements about the term folk song is supported by the passage？
It has been used for several centuries.
The International Folk Music Council invented it.
It is considered to be out－of－date.
There is disagreement about its meaning.
3. The word it in line 8 refers to
community
song
acceptance
memory
4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a characteristic of the typical folk
song？
It is constantly changing over time.
it is passed on to other people by being performed.
It contains complex musical structures.
It appeals to many people.
5. The word subjected in line 9 is closest in meaning to
reduced
modified
exposed
imitated
6. The author mentions the farm laborer and his friends in order to do which of the
following？
Explain how a folk song evolves over time
Illustrate the importance of music to rural workers
Show how subject matter is selected for a folk song
Demonstrate how a community， chooses a folk song
7. According to the passage， why would the original composers of folk songs be forgotten？
Audiences prefer songs composed by professional musicians.
Singers dislike the decorative touches in folk song tunes.
Numerous variations of folk songs come to exist at the same time.
Folk songs are not considered an important form of music.
8. The word essence in line 16 is closest in meaning to
basic nature
growing importance
full extent
first phase
9. The author mentions that published music is not considered to be folk music because
the original composer can be easily identified
the songs attract only the young people in a community
the songs are generally performed by professional singers
the composers write the music in rural communities
Questions 10－20
Long before they can actually speak， babies pay special attention to the speech they
hear around them. Within the first month of their lives， babies responses to the sound of
the human voice will be different from their responses to other sorts of auditory stimuli.
Line They will stop crying when they hear a person talking， but not if they hear a bell or the
sound of a rattle. At first， the sounds that an infant notices might be only those words that
receive the heaviest emphasis and that often occur at the ends of utterances. By the time
they are six or seven weeks old， babies can detect the difference between syllables
pronounced with rising and falling inflections. Very soon， these differences in adult stress
and intonation can influence babies emotional states and behavior. Long before they
develop actual language comprehension， babies can sense when an adult is playful or
angry， attempting to initiate or terminate new behavior， and so on， merely on the basis of
cues such as the rate， volume， and melody of adult speech.
Adults make it as easy as they can for babies to pick up a language by exaggerating
such cues. One researcher observed babies and their mothers in six diverse cultures and
found that， in all six languages， the mothers used simplified syntax， short utterances and
nonsense sounds， and transformed certain sounds into baby talk. Other investigators have
noted that when mothers talk to babies who are only a few months old， they exaggerate
the pitch， loudness， and intensity of their words. They also exaggerate their facial
expressions， hold vowels longer， and emphasize certain words.
More significant for language development than their response to general intonation is
observation that tiny babies can make relatively fine distinctions between speech sounds.
other words， babies enter the world with the ability to make precisely those perceptual
discriminations that are necessary if they are to acquire aural language.
Babies obviously derive pleasure from sound input， too： even as young as nine months
they will listen to songs or stories， although the words themselves are beyond their
understanding. For babies， language is a sensory－motor delight rather than the route to
prosaic meaning that it often is for adults.
10.What does the passage mainly discuss？
How babies differentiate between the sound of the human voice and other sounds
The differences between a babys and an adults ability to comprehend language
How babies perceive and respond to the human voice in their earliest stages of language development
The response of babies to sounds other than the human voice
11. Why does the author mention a bell and a rattle in lines 4－5 ？
To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds
To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry
To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds
To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like
12. Why does the author mention syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections in lines
7－8 ？
To demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions
To illustrate that a six－week－old baby can already distinguish some language differences
To provide an example of ways adults speak to babies
To give a reason for babies difficulty in distinguishing one adult from another
13. The word diverse in line 14 is closest in meaning to
surrounding
divided
different
stimulating
14 The wordnoted in line 17 is closest in meaning to
theorized
requested
disagreed
observed
15. The word They in line 18 refers to
mothers
investigators
babies
words
16. The passage mentions all of the following as ways adults modify their speech when talking to
babies EXCEPT
giving all words equal emphasis
speaking with shorter sentences
speaking more loudly than normal
using meaningless sounds
17. The word emphasize in line 19 is closest in meaning to
stress
repeat
explain
leave out
18. Which of the following can be inferred about the findings described in paragraph 2 ？
Babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed
to a single language.
Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways.
Babies ignore facial expressions in comprehending aural language.
The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak.
19. What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire
language？
Babies begin to understand words in songs.
Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions.
Babies are more sensitive to sounds than are adults.
Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds.
20. According to the author， why do babies listen to songs and stories， even though they cannot
understand them？
They understand the rhythm.
They enjoy the sound.
They can remember them easily.
They focus on the meaning of their parents words.
Questions 21－29
Under the Earths topsoil， at various levels， sometimes under a layer of rock， there are
deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds; or
look at a construction site， where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay
Line along their banks， and erosion on a hillside may make clay easily accessible.
What is clay made of？ The Earths surface is basically rock， and it is this rock that
gradually decomposes into clay. Rain， streams， alternating freezing and thawing， roots of
trees and plants forcing their way into cracks， earthquakes， volcanic action， and glaciersall
of these forces slowly break down the Earths exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller
pieces that eventually become clay.
Rocks are composed of elements and compounds of elements. Feldspar， which is the
most abundant mineral on the Earths surface， is basically made up of the oxides silica and
alumina combined with alkalies like potassium and some so－called impurities such as iron.
Feldspar is an essential component of granite rocks， and as such it is the basis of clay.
When it is wet， clay can be easily shaped to make a variety of useful objects， which can
then be fired to varying degrees of hardness and covered with impermeable decorative
coatings of glasslike material called glaze. Just as volcanic action， with its intense heat，
fuses the elements in certain rocks into a glasslike rock called obsidian， so can we apply
heat to earthen materials and change them into a hard， dense material. Different clays need
different heat levels to fuse， and some， the low－fire clays， never become nonporous and
watertight like highly fired stoneware. Each clay can stand only a certain amount of heat
without losing its shape throughsagging or melting. Variations of clay composition and the
temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture and appearance
between a china teacup and an earthenware flowerpot.
21. The authors main point in paragraph 1 is that clay deposits
conceal layers of rock
can be found in various places
are usually small
must be removed from construction sites
22. It can be inferred from the passage that clay is LEAST likely to be plentiful in which of the
following areas？
In desert sand dunes
In forests
On hillsides
Near rivers
23. The word accessible in line 4 is closest in meaning to
buried
improved
available
workable
24. According to the passage， rock breaks down into clay under all of the following conditions
EXCEPT when
it is exposed to freezing and thawing
roots of trees force their way into cracks
it is combined with alkalies
natural forces wear away the Earths crust
25. Why does the author mention feldspar in line 10？
It is often used as a substitute for clay.
It is damaged by the oxides in clay.
Its presence indicates inferior clay.
It is a major component of clay.
26. The word it in line 13 refers to
iron
feldspar
granite
clay
27. Based on the information in the passage， it can be inferred that low－fire clays are MOST
appropriate for making objects that
must be strong
can be porous
have a smooth texture
are highly decorated
28. The phrase account for in line 22 is closest in meaning to
reduce
explain
combine with
list all of
29. The passage supports which of the following conclusions？
Clay deposits are only found deep in the Earth.
If clay contains too much iron it will melt when fired.
Only certain types of clay are appropriate for making china teacups.
If sufficient heat is applied， all clay will become nonporous.
Questions 30－40
The smooth operation of an ant colony depends on ten to twenty different signals，
most of which are pheromones . It is
estimated that red fire ants employ at least twelve different chemical signals. The simples
Line of these is the carbon dioxide from the respiration of an ant cluster， a chemical that acts as
a pheromone to promote aggregation. Workers move toward a source of carbon dioxide，
resulting in solitary ants moving to join a group. At the other extreme， the most complex
of the fire ants signals is probably colony odor， by which the workers of a particular
colony or nest identify another worker as local or foreign. Each ant nest has its own odor
as a result of its location， history， and local food supply. The resident ants pick up this
odor on their bodies， so that ants of the same species， but from different nests， have
different colony odors. This allows ants to identify intruders and maintain colony
integrity.
Fire ants also make use of an alarm pheromone to alert workers to an emergency，
and their scouts lay down a trail pheromone as a guide during mass migrations. A fire ant
queen emits a chemical signal that identifies her to the colonys workers. They respond
by scurrying to gather around her. The decomposing corpse of a dead ant also generates
a signal， to which workers respond by eliminating the corpse from the nest.
Ants provide examples of both public and private
messages. One of their most important private messages concerns food， for a food source
is worth keeping secret. Each species marks its trails with signals that are meaningless to
others， so that an ant crossing a trail left by another ant species typically notices nothing.
On the other hand， a secret signal to mark a dead body is unnecessary. Many kinds of ants
perceive a natural decomposition product of dead insects as a signal to remove a corpse.
If an outsider recognizes this message and moves the body， no harm is done.
30. What aspect of ants does the passage mainly discuss？
The relationship between the queen and the worker ants
Ways in which ants use chemical signals
Methods ants use to identify food sources
The importance of respiration in the production of ant pheromones
31. The phrase smooth operation in line 1 is closest in meaning to
daily activity
effective functioning
delicate balance
permanent location
32. According to the passage， carbon dioxide serves which of the following functions for fire ants？
It protects the queen.
It attracts other ant species.
It informs workers of possible danger.
It encourages the ants to gather together.
33. The word cluster in line 4 is closest in meaning to
organ
activity
group
cycle
34.According to the passage， each nest has a distinct odor that allows its inhabitants to
find the location of the nest in the dark
distinguish worker ants from other ants
distinguish foreign ants from resident ants
signal other inhabitants when foreign ants attack
35. The word alert in line 13 is closest in meaning to
allow
transport
ware
provide
36. What is the role of pheromones in the mass migrations of ants？
Pheromones are used to create a trail that directs the ants during migrations.
Pheromones signal the ants that the nest has been invaded and must be
abandoned.
Pheromones control the speed at which ants move from one location to another.
Pheromones enable scouts to identify suitable areas for establishing a new nest.
37. The word scurrying in line 16 is closest in meaning to
agreeing
appearing
competing
rushing
38. The word others in line 21 refers to
private messages
species
trails
signals
39. Why does the author mention dead insects in line 23 ？
To compare the social behaviors of ants with those of other insects
To emphasize the dangers that all insects encounter
To argue the superiority of ants over other insects
To indicate a behavior that is common among various kinds of ants
40. Which of the following terms is defined in the passage？
pheromones
colony integrity
mass migrations
private messages
Questions 41－50
The Homestead Act of 1862 gave beads of families or individuals aged twenty－one or
older the right to own 160 acres of public land in the western United States after five years
of residence and improvement. This law was intended to provide land for small farmers
Line and to prevent land from being bought for resale at a profit or being owned by large
landholders. An early amendment to the act even prevented husbands and wives from
filing separate claims. The West， land reformers had assumed， would soon contain many
160－acre family farms.
They were doomed to disappointment. Most landless Americans were too poor to
become farmers even when they could obtain land without cost. The expense of moving a
family to the ever－receding frontier exceeded the means of many， and the cost of tools，
draft animals， a wagon， a well， fencing， and of building the simplest house， might come
to $1，000a formidable barrier. As for the industrial workers for whom the free land was
supposed to provide a safety valve， they had neither the skills nor the inclination to
become farmers. Homesteaders usually came from districts not far removed from frontier
conditions. And despite the intent of the law， speculators often managed to obtain large
tracts. They hired people to stake out claims， falsely swear that they had fulfilled the
conditions laid down in the law for obtaining legal title， and then deed the land over to
their employers.
Furthermore， 160 acres were not enough for raising livestock or for the kind of
commercial agriculture that was developing west of the Mississippi. The national
government made a feeble attempt to make larger holdings available to homesteaders
by passing the Timber Culture Act of 1873， which permitted individuals to claim an
additional 160 acres if they would agree to plant a quarter of it in trees within ten years.
This law proved helpful to some farmers in the largely treeless states of Kansas，
Nebraska， and the Dakotas. Nevertheless， fewer than 25 percent of the 245，000 who
took up land under the Act obtained final title to the property.
41. Which aspect of the Homestead Act of
1862 does the passage mainly discuss？
How it transformed the western United States into a place of small farms
Why it was an improvement over previous attempts at land reform
Why it did not achieve its aim to provide land for small farmers
How it failed in the largely treeless states of Kansas， Nebraska， and the Dakotas
42. An amendment added to the Homestead Act of 1862 specified that
five years of residence was required for landownership
husbands and wives could not file separate claims
the price of 160 acres of land was $1，000
land could not be resold for a profit
43. The word formidable in line 12 is closest in meaning to
obvious
predictable
difficult
manageable
44. It can be inferred that the safety valve in line 13 refers to
a new kind of machinery
an alternative for urban workers
an area in a factory
a procedure designed to protect workers
45. The word intent in line 15 is closest in meaning to
purpose
power
effect
invention
46. According to the passage， why did the government pass the Timber Culture Act of 1873 ？
To make larger tracts of land available to small farmers
To settle Kansas， Nebraska， and the Dakotas
To encourage land speculation west of the Mississippi
To increase the variety of trees growing in the western states
47. The word theyin line 23 refers to
larger holdings
individuals
160 acres
trees
48. According to the passage， how many of the farmers who settled land under the Timber Culture
Act of 1873 received final title to the property？
Fewer than 25%
More than 160
10% per year
245，000
49. The passage mentions all of the following as reasons the Homestead Act of 1862 did not
achieve its aims EXCEPT：
Most landless Americans could not afford the necessary tools and provisions.
Industrial workers lacked the necessary fanning skills.
The farms were too large for single families to operate successfully.
Homesteaders usually came from areas relatively close to the frontier.
50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the Timber Culture Act of 1873？
It especially helped farmers with large holdings of land.
It was most important to farmers living in states that had plenty of trees.
The majority of farmers did not benefit significantly from it.
The majority of farmers did not need the extra 160 acres it provided.
TWE
When people move to another country， some of them decide to follow the customs of the new
country. Others prefer to keep their own customs. Compare these two choices. Which one do you prefer？ Support your answer with specific details.
0205 answer
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